[57] This eruption was first noticed when ash fell on Salta, and was accompanied by anomalies in the heat emission from the volcano recorded by satellite. [53], Lascar has erupted about thirty times since the 19th century. Lascar Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ISOLATED PUFF AT 1545 to 27000 ft (8200 m) Thu, 3 Feb 2022, 00:26 Lascar (Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 26 January-1 February 2022 (NEW) SERNAGEOMIN reported minor increases in surficial activity at Lscar. [55] The extinct western cone (also known as Apagado) is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. [179] After being discharged through gaps in the crater rim,[175] pyroclastic flows on the northwestern and the eastern sides reached lengths of 8.5 kilometres (5.3mi),[180] and 4 kilometres (2.5mi) on the southern side. [144] Pumices are encased in the ignimbrite as lenses and levees and are also found in the terrain above the canyons. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 overlapping summit craters. [146] At the time of emplacement, the ignimbrite was still 200300C (392572F). Test. This sulfur extraction was facilitated by the high oxygen content of the magma, which allowed the formation of sulfur dioxide. A stratovolcano within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, The Lascar volcano, seen from the Chaxas lagoon on the Gran Salar. [36], Lascar is a steep volcano[7] formed by two irregularly shaped truncated cones that extend eastwest,[52][53] on a trend that includes Aguas Calientes. [67], The Quebrada Talabre cuts into the upper flanks of Lascar[64] and eventually joins the Quebrada Soncor. The whole volcano did not deform during the eruption sequence. [187] The speed of these flows has been estimated at 100700 kilometres per hour (62435mph). Walter, Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is based on the measurement of the time delay between the emission of a laser pulse and the reception of the echos that return from target objects. [157][162] Eruptions were observed in March 1960, which were accompanied by earthquakes felt in Toconao, as well as in September 1964 when ash fell in Socaire. Volcanoes at Plate Boundaries - Geology 101 for Lehman College (CUNY) Skip to content Toggle Menu Primary Navigation Home Read Sign in Search in book:Search Book Contents Navigation Contents I. Grey pumice deposits from the 1993 eruption are visible in the photo above, and the margins of some pyroclastic flows can be seen at right center. [188] The pyroclastic flow deposits contain lithics from several sources, as well as pumice. On 20 February 1990, an eruption column rose 814 kilometres (5.08.7mi) above the crater,[57] resulting in ash fall over 100 kilometres (62mi) away from the volcano. [6] Toconao and San Pedro de Atacama lie 34 kilometres (21mi) and 68 kilometres (42mi) from the volcano, respectively. Written By. The Lascar Volcano is an active andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano that consists of an elongate series of six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center of this cluster. [98] Total flux is estimated to be 1,31218,469 kilograms per second (2,89040,720lb/s),[87] and occurs even between eruptions. [199] Tephra fall from this eruption was recorded in Argentina, including in Buenos Aires, 1,500 kilometres (930mi) away, and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. [227] Precipitation at Lascar is about 50100 millimetres per year (2.03.9in/year) and consists mostly of snow. [43] The Pampa Chamaca and Tuyajto ignimbrites are somewhat younger, 2.62.2 million and less than 1 million years respectively. [63], Lascar is one of the three most active volcanoes in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (the other two are the Peruvian volcanoes Sabancaya and Ubinas)[126] and a steady pattern of eruptive activity has persisted for centuries. . administered through the Department of Geosciences at Oregon State University. [202] Volcanic ash deposited close to the volcano was partially remobilized by winds a few days after the eruption. It is about 800 m in diameter and 300 m deep. [83] This origin of Lascar magmas is reflected in the textures of rocks. [164] This eruption was the most significant of the previous two decades,[163] having a VEI of 3. What plate is forming lascar volcano? [26] The andesitic-dacitic Aguas Calientes is located 5 kilometres (3.1mi) east of Lascar; it may have formed a lava flow close to the summit during the Holocene. [129], A monitoring network has been built around the volcano beginning from 2010. [154] This debris avalanche is 50 metres (160ft) thick and 25 kilometres (16mi) long. [222] The 18 April eruption was seen from the El Abra copper mine 220 kilometres (140mi) away and resulted in ash fall north-northeast from the volcano. [155] Glaciers in the region reached their maximum size at that time. [34] The westernmost of these three eastern craters is the currently active one, surrounded by rims that reach heights of 150 metres (490ft). [39], The Tumbres eruption occurred around 7250 BCE,[157] commencing with the eruption of pumice falls that reach thicknesses of less than 1.2 metres (3ft 11in). [39] An alternative dating scheme considers Chaile to be 47,000 16,000 years old and Saltar 167,000 9,000 years old. The case of June 13th, 2015 Ojos del Salado false volcanic eruption", "Trends in the nonvolcanic component of stratospheric aerosol over the period 19712004", "Identificacin de fases portadoras y flujos de mercurio en el registro sedimentario de la Laguna del Plata, regin central de Argentina", "SERNAGEOMIN da a conocer nuevo ranking de volcanes", "Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcnica de Chile", "El riesgo de desastres en la planificacin del territorio", Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Investment and Services, "How will melting of ice affect volcanic hazards in the twenty-first century? The plates are so close to each other that they start to mash together, and this causes the Earth's mantle to escape from the Earth. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 . [123] Electrical conductivity data suggest that a hydrothermal system exists beneath Lascar,[124] but the existence of such a system has been questioned. Large lava flows are visible on its NW flanks. [3] Immediately east of it lies the eastern cone, which is contiguous with the western cone. It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [140], The lava domes interacted with glaciers, resulting in the formation of a glacier run whose deposits are found as far as 10 kilometres (6.2mi) from the volcano. [35], About 30% of these flows were formed by ash and 70% by blocks,[174] with larger fragments accumulating on the margins of each flow deposit. To the left, in the background, the. [227] Measurements made on the southwest rim of the main crater in 20092012 indicated air temperatures of 1020C (5068F). [59] Three eruptions in October 2002 formed ash columns that rose 5002,500 metres (1,6008,200ft), while an explosion in December 2003 created a column 400500 metres (1,3001,600ft) high. The Saltar flow reached widths of 0.71.3 kilometres (0.430.81mi) and thicknesses of 520 metres (1666ft), increasing to 35 metres (115ft) where the flow entered valleys. [145] The ignimbrite features three facies, one rich in breccia, another rich in pumice, and a normal ignimbrite. The first of these eruptions released 1015 cubic kilometres (2.43.6cumi) of material and is known as the Soncor eruption. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. Transform plate boundaries are where plates slide laterally past one another, producing shallow earthquakes but little or no volcanic activity. [45] Noticeable erosion occurred in the areas over which pyroclastic flows had passed, forming abrasion surfaces and removing loose detritus from the ground. [56] Measurements made from 1961 to 1997 determined that the eastern crater is 1 kilometre (0.62mi) wide and 150200 metres (490660ft) deep[57] and thus the largest,[53] the central crater is 600 metres (2,000ft) wide and 100200 metres (330660ft) deep, and the western crater is 800 metres (2,600ft) wide and 200300 metres (660980ft) deep,[57] increasing to 400 metres (1,300ft) depth in 20052006. On the western slope, it buries the even older Piedras Grandes flow, which crops out only at the margins of the Soncor flow. [250], Temperatures in the surrounding region range between 25 and 40C (13 and 104F). [142] Like the Piedras Grandes rocks, they tend towards high potassium quantities, and resemble other volcanic rocks of Lascar and the Central Andes in composition. Large lava flows are visible on its NW flanks. [194], The flows were strongly erosive, extracting rocks and material from the bedrock, even far away from the vent. The volcanic complex experienced several major, up to VEI 6, pre-historic eruptions but no calderas were formed. Other minerals include anhydrite,[57] augite, plagioclase[33] which is also the dominant phenocryst phase in Lascar rocks,[76] apatite, ilmenite, magnetite, olivine, orthopyroxene, phyrrotite, quartz, rhyolite in the groundmass, and spinel in inclusions. [63] The formation of the first cone at Lascar may have been facilitated by the intersection between the Miscanti Line and another eastwest lineament[72] formed by PliocenePleistocene tectonic compression of the region,[73] and the lineament would have worked as an ascent path for magma. 3. Lascar vulcano. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium [245] High nickel concentrations in crops from Talabre appear to be caused by volcanic activity as well. During earthquakes which type of fault results when one plate is compressed up onto another plate. Lascar is just left of Aguas Calientes, which is the central cone. [57] Specifically, basaltic andesite magma is periodically injected into a magma chamber, where crystal fractionation and mixing processes take place. The westernmost crater of the eastern cone is presently active. It probably started shrinking in April 1992, although the shrinkage was directly visible only in November. [244] Thallium from the volcano is a pollution hazard in the Talabre area. [142], Ignimbrite was channeled to the Salar de Atacama by the Quebrada de Chaile, Quebrada de Soncor and Quebrada de Talabre canyons and some smaller valleys, northeastwards by the Quebrada de Morro Blanco and as far as 11 kilometres (6.8mi) southeastwards over the Pampa Leija area. According to SEGEMAR the pyroclastic flows traveled short distances to the N and SE. [101] The fumarole gases react with surrounding rocks, forming precipitates and altered rocks. [35], A 200-metre-wide (660ft) and 50-metre-high (160ft) lava dome formed in early 1989. By 28 December, the dome had subsided completely in the centre, leaving only its margins. [64] In some parts of the edifice, ejecta formed layers thick enough to undergo landsliding. In the Central Volcanic Zone, volcanism has been active for 120 million years, although it has undergone eastward migration during this time. Learn. Lascar has been active since at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning 220,000 years ago. [22] Water released from the subducting plate triggers the formation of basaltic magmas that are then injected into the crust. [54] Exposures of the basement are often delimited by faults. [86], The Soncor deposit was subsequently affected by glaciation[67] and the stage I edifice by a debris avalanche,[39] which was radiocarbon dated at 22,310 +2,700/2000 years ago in the Quebrada de Chaile. [112] Sulfur is released from areas all over the cone, resulting in a noticeable sulfur smell. [102], Release rates of SO2 amounted to 27 tonnes per day (0.31kg/s) in 1989,[103] and 28 tonnes per day (0.32kg/s) in 2003. Res. [209], The eruption record at Lascar becomes more irregular after the 1993 eruption. In 1985, a 150-by-150-metre (490ft 490ft) hot spot in this crater was observed in satellite images. [203], This eruption was the most significant eruption of Lascar in the last 9,000 years, with a volcanic explosivity index of 4[35][129] and a duration of 32 hours,[8] and one of the most significant volcanic eruptions in the recent history of Chile. [100] Steam explosions caused by rainfall have been reported. The Lascar Volcano is an active andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano that consists of an elongate series of six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center of this cluster. [26] Tertiary sediment and volcanic rocks can also be found. Lscar Volcano, located in the Chilean Andes 70 km SE of San Pedro de Atacama, is the most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. [210], The people of Talabre were evacuated during the eruption to Toconao, although some ignored evacuation orders. [242] In 1982,[243] the town of Talabre was moved for safety reasons[52] stemming from flooding and volcanic activity,[243] and ballistic blocks ejected by the volcano are a threat to mountaineers and scientists working on Lascar. [144], The magma erupted was generated in a magma chamber starting from andesite, which underwent complex petrogenetic processes. Dacite has more plagioclase and rhyolite. A volcano that is erupting. Every donation will be highly appreciated. An eruption event known as Piedras Grandes was followed by the large Soncor eruption. [36] The valleys drain the western, northern and southwestern slopes of Lascar. [19] It is possible that when these ridges are subducted, the buoyancy they carry disrupts the subduction process and reduces the supply of water, which is important for the formation of melts. [184] The total area covered by the flows is about 14.2 square kilometres (5.5sqmi) on the northern slopes (Tumbres fan)[185] and 4.3 square kilometres (1.7sqmi) on the southern slopes (Lejia fan). The volcano sent "an eruptive column" of volcanic ash and hot gases 6,000 metres above its crater, the service said. [47] The composition of the Piedras Grandes unit is andesite containing amphibole, basaltic andesite and hornblende. Lscar Google Earth Placemark with Features Cite Volcano Profile Chile Stratovolcano (es) 2017 CE Country Primary Volcano Type Last Known Eruption 23.37S 67.73W 5592 m 18346 ft 355100 Latitude Longitude Summit Elevation Volcano Number 2022 Microsoft Corporation Terms Latest Activity Reports Weekly Reports Bulletin Reports Synonyms & Subfeatures [34] This lava flow is known as the TumbresTalabre lava flow; its margins are 1040 metres (33131ft) high, and it features a central channel. The station was operating discontinuously until 2015. Minerals encountered in xenoliths include andradite, anhydrite, anorthite, apatite, biotite, calcite, diopside, fassaite, garnet, gypsum, ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, orthopyroxene, perovskite, plagioclase, prehnite, quartz, sphene, thorite, wilkeite, wollastonite and zircon. [3] Other names for the volcano are Hlscar,[4] Hlascar, Ilascar, Kar Las, Laskar, Toconado and Toconao. The biggest eruption of Lascar in historical time was in 1993 and produced pyroclastic flows, which traveled 8.5 km NW of the summit, and ashfall in Buenos Aires. Estimated temperatures decreased from 800900C (1,4701,650F) at the vent to 580600C (1,0761,112F) farther down the flows. Hikers were near the crater and took video of the eruption. [182] Hot pyroclastic flows on the southeastern flank covered a surface area of 1318.5 kilometres (8.111.5mi). Test. Southeast of Florida, the Caribbean Plate is sliding east-northeast about 0.8 inches (2 centimeters) per year relative to the North American Plate. Terms in this set (10) Active volcano. Add an answer . Ash fall in Salta occurred about one hour after the eruption. [16] These volcanic zones are separated by areas where recent volcanism is absent; one common theory is that the subduction processes responsible for volcanism form a subducting plate that is too shallow to trigger the formation of magma. 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