The CuPcTs optical thickness change also exhibits slight (~10nm) hysteresis in the 5080% RH range between adsorption and desorption processes. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Both R1 and R2 undergo slight changes at RH 57% (FigureS10). All Rights Reserved BNP Media. 8600 Rockville Pike These modifications allow for the tuning of the electrochemical properties of the molecule such as absorption and emission wavelengths and conductance. 2a. [N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2, N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1, ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON, Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients, DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. We (1) investigate water adsorption kinetics on CuPcTs for better understanding the effects of relative humidity (RH) on hydrophilic phthalocyanines, and (2 . Woollam Co. M-2000 ellipsometer. (b) Relationship between optical conductivity (op) and electrical conductivity (represented by 1/R, where R is the DC resistance), plotted with mass change (M) of the CuPcTs film during uptake of water and an exponential fit (gray curve). Article Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data Adsorption at these sites does not lead to significant changes in optoelectronic properties of the film. Kinetics of H2O adsorption visibly change as P/P0 increases; i.e. You can change or update your cookiesettingsat any time. Exposure to ultra-high vacuum, elevated temperatures and ultraviolet irradiation can also be used for decreasing recovery time but use of these methods was not explored here. * orbital transitions20, 21. The effect of water on electrical conductivity is most pronounced at low RH, when water clustering around hydrophilic moieties hinders electronic charge carrier hopping between adjacent CuPcTs molecules. Combining gravimetric and optical techniques, we demonstrate the possibility of humidity sensing in the 095% RH range with 2.5% resolution. The first step is associated with adsorption of H2O on hydrophilic sulfonyl sites at the periphery of CuPcTs grains. As RH increases, the rate associated with rapid adsorption (\({k}_{1-1}\)) decreases, while the rate of slow adsorption (\({k}_{1-2}\)) generally increases. CAS Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical We (1 . 9, 1588015886 (2017). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies PCA results indicate that significant changes in optical constants which occur near 6070% RH are a result of the emergence of a secondary process which becomes active after significant H2O adsorption has taken place in the film, which suggests that the secondary principal component is related to dielectric screening caused by H2O saturation of CuPcTs domains. By visiting PubMed 2020 Feb 15;227:117621. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117621. Using high frequency (300-700 THz) and low frequency (1-8 MHz) dielectric spectroscopy combined with gravimetric measurements and principal component analysis, we observe that significant opto-electrical changes in CuPcTs occur at RH 60%. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Journal of Materials Science Please contact TCI for lead times on items not in stock. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Claessens, C. G., Hahn, U. For the PFO reaction model, we used \(\,{M}_{e}=\,{M}_{e1}+{M}_{e2}\). 3d). Multimode sensing and detection limits. Under constant humidity conditions, \([{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{ad}]\,\,\)is constant and absorbed into a new rate constant \(\,{k}_{2}\), where \(\,{k}_{2}={k}_{3}^{\text{'}}[{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{vap}]\). Chiron, N., Guilet, R. & Deydier, E. Adsorption of Cu (II) and Pb (II) onto a grafted silica: isotherms and kinetic models. Electrical properties and gas response in alternate layer-by-layer films of copper phthalocyanine dyes. (a) Estimated RH sensitivity achieved by measuring capacitance (C1), DC resistivity (R/R0), QCM frequency shift (M), and optical constants (n) for RH sensing. Its electron configuration is [He]2s22p3. COPYRIGHT 1997-2022 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Excludes regulated items and items that ship on ice. (, Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain. ;Zk-47bBF6Kds Srjw[O"b,rf8`1ge~zY10,; :\-nN%P! [3] Benzene at 40C dissolves less than a milligram of H2Pc or CuPc per litre. ), Thank you for subscribing to TCI eNews & Promotions, Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Materials, Hole Transport Materials (HTM) [Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Materials], Donor Materials [Organic Solar Cell (OPV) Materials], Phthalocyanine Complexes, Porphyrin Complexes [Magnetic Metal Complexes], Metal Compounds [Chemical Structural Class], Transition Metal Compounds [Chemical Structural Class], Cu (Copper) Compounds [Chemical Structural Class]. ( a ) AFM image of CuPcTs film., Kinetics modelling. The .gov means its official. Phthalocyanine is formed through the cyclotetramerization of various phthalic acid derivatives including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole, phthalic anhydride, and phthalimides. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. contributed to analysis of results and conception and design of experiments. , CU-PCIN-04-P 12, 15, 16 and facilitates hydrogen bonding between water molecules until H2O clusters merge, resulting in a multilayered meniscus containing mobile Na+ ions on the surfaces of CuPcTs domains. b8$B "/2y0b?C%-9#Q\X2iDaRh5rEZ@eZJ. Bottom panel: Bandgap energy (Eg) of Q-band (left axis) and B-band (right axis). Due to its stability, phthalo blue is also used in inks, coatings, and many plastics. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of using water-soluble materials for flexible, printable humidity sensors which can employ a combination of electrical, optical, or mass-based sensing mechanisms for maximizing humidity sensitivity across the entire ~095% RH range. Thank you for visiting nature.com. InChI=1S/C32H18N8/c1-2-10-18-17(9-1)25-33-26(18)38-28-21-13-5-6-14-22(21)30(35-28)40-32-24-16-8-7-15-23(24)31(36-32)39-29-20-12-4-3-11-19(20)27(34-29)37-25/h1-16H,(H2,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40), InChI=1/C32H18N8/c1-2-10-18-17(9-1)25-33-26(18)38-28-21-13-5-6-14-22(21)30(35-28)40-32-24-16-8-7-15-23(24)31(36-32)39-29-20-12-4-3-11-19(20)27(34-29)37-25/h1-16H,(H2,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40), c12=cc=cc=c1c3=nc4=c5c=cc=cc5=c(n=c6c7=cc=cc=c7c(n=c8c9=c(c(n8)=nc2=n3)c=cc=c9)=n6)n4, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, "Site-selective adsorption of phthalocyanine on h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh", "Synthesis of substituted phthalocyanines", "Tunable charge transfer properties in metal-phthalocyanine heterojunctions", "ber die Produkte der Einwirkung von Acetanhydrid auf Phthalamid", "The discovery of a new pigment: The story of Monastral blue by Imperial Chemical Industries", "Syntheses and functional properties of phthalocyanines", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Perovskite solar cell with low cost Cu-phthalocyanine as hole transporting material", "Photodynamic therapy with the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4: The case experience with preclinical mechanistic and early clinicaltranslational studies", "Society of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines", "Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phthalocyanine&oldid=1118212953, This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 19:06. It is composed of four isoindole units[a] linked by a ring of nitrogen atoms. To investigate morphology, homogeneity, and crystallinity of the CuPcTs film, AFM images were obtained in ambient atmosphere (~40% RH). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. & Van Den Driessche, P. Mechanism and equivalent circuits in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that when CuTCPc is used as a donor material, the performance of the device ITO/CuTCPc/PCBM/Al shows an open circuit voltage (V(OC)) of 0.54 V, a short circuit current (J(SC)) of 0.825 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 32.3% and the power conversion efficiency (nu) of 0.14%. [11] Alternatively, heating phthalic anhydride in the presence of urea yields H2Pc. Rinse mouth with water.Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedThe most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section2 and/or in section 11Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededNo data available, Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing mediaUse water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureCarbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Copper oxidesAdvice for firefightersWear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Further informationNo data available. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. While optical response of sulfonated phthalocyanines has been well-studied in solution, less information is available about water interaction with solid films15, 19. Google Scholar. Copper(II) phthalocyanine -form, Copper(II) phthalocyanine -form, Phthalocyanine copper salt, Copper tetrabenzoporphyrazine, (29H, 31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29, N30, N31, N32)copper, 29H,31H-Phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32 copper, CuPc, phthalocyanine blue, Pigment Blue 15, Phthalocyanine Blue BN, monastral blue, phthalo blue, helio blue, thalo blue, Winsor blue, phthalocyanine blue, C.I. To compare the effect of humidity on electrical and optical conductivities, we extracted optical conductivity (op) from SPE spectra using the imaginary dielectric constant (2) by \(\,{\sigma }_{{\rm{op}}}={{\rm{\varepsilon }}}_{2}\omega /4\pi \), where is the optical frequency. Phthalocyanines are a class of pigments that are known for their ability to abso Lecture notes, lecture all - Chapter 15-20, Chapter 6 (Reactions of Alkenes)- Discussion Answers, Organic Chemistry: Dat Organic Chem Reaction Summary. 1b. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate three slides at a time, or the slide dot buttons at the end to jump three slides at a time. While Ghani et al. Copper phthalocyanine is a complex of copper (II) with the conjugate base of phthalocyanine, i.e. : 147-14-8EC-No. 300750 nm), which clearly is an advantage for capturing solar energy. Wash and dry hands.Body ProtectionChoose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount ofdangerous substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protectiveequipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of thedangerous substance at the specific workplace.Respiratory protectionRespiratory protection is not required. The phase has a larger overlap and thus, a smaller Cu-Cu spacing (~3.8) compared to the phase (~4.8). tanker trucks. There has since been significant research on H2Pc and MPc resulting in a wide range of applications in areas including photovoltaics, photodynamic therapy, nanoparticle construction, and catalysis. [5] They are less thermally stable and often can not be sublimed. Changes in the optical spectra are related to specific electronic transitions which reveal the effect of water on charge transfer (QCT), excitonic transitions (QA, and QB), and bandgap energy. During the second step (illustrated in Fig. A combination of gravimetric and optical detection modes was selected to enable the highest resolution (2.5% RH) humidity sensing in the entire 095% RH range, with gravimetric detection as the most sensitive mode for RH <50% and optical detection as most sensitive for RH >50%. Microsolvation of phthalocyanine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by the optical line shape at electronic origin. (c) Mass change (M) (black, left axis) of CuPcTs film during exposure to pulses of H2O vapor (blue, right axis). 39, 728732 (2007). The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. Contact your local rep. eboun, J., Hamek, A., Dugan, T. & Kroupa, M. In Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC), 2010 3rd. We use several isotherm models to examine the kinetics of water adsorption, which reveals a complex adsorption mechanism that involves at least two different adsorption sites, including a dominant process which is active in the entire measurement range (~095% RH) and one which becomes active for RH>60%. We (1) investigate water adsorption kinetics on CuPcTs for better understanding the effects of relative humidity (RH) on hydrophilic phthalocyanines, and (2) assess CuPcTs as a humidity-sensing material. state. Cu 2+ Pc 2. Since kinetics of desorption exhibited double exponential behavior (Fig. Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. A flow cell with optical windows was used to control the sample environment during SPE measurements. This trend is opposite to that of n (optical-mode sensing), which exhibits high RH dependence at P/P0>0.6 (Figs3a and S5a) and thus represents the most sensitive (<2% RH) detection mode at high RH. The transition in C1 occurs in the same RH range (5070%) at which significant changes in optical constants, bandgap, and film thickness occur. Your email address will not be stored! Directed electron transfer in Langmuir-Schfer layers of porphyrin-fullerene and phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads in inverted organic solar cells. New Insights on Electro-Optical Response of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) Film to Humidity. Muckley ES, Naguib M, Wang HW, Vlcek L, Osti NC, Sacci RL, Sang X, Unocic RR, Xie Y, Tyagi M, Mamontov E, Page KL, Kent PRC, Nanda J, Ivanov IN. 1,3-Diiminoisoindolene, the intermediate formed during phthalocyanine manufacture, used in combination with a copper salt affords the dye GK 161. H413 : May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life. 7, 13651370 (2005). Insoluble in general solvents in Zhejiang Province. Moradian S, Dezhampanah H, Ghasemi JB, Behnejad H. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. Thin Solid Films Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (2016). Epub 2012 Feb 3. 246, 327333 (2005). As calculated from SPE measurements, the optical film thickness was roughly 50nm when measured at ambient RH. Since the electron transfer from the singlet ZnPc to, BODIPY is thermodynamically not feasible, the singlet ZnPc decayed to populates the triplet ZnPc, in addition to the grounds, state. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and double exponential fits were used to model kinetics of H2O adsorption on CuPcTs film. At RH>60%, the value of C1 begins decreasing. FOIA Results from double exponential and PFO kinetic models suggest that at least 2 distinct sites are active during H2O adsorption on CuPcTs. )4 ions15, 16 which contribute to charge transport in CuPcTs at RH>45%12. While the concentration of component-3 remains relatively constant throughout the measured RH range, the component-2 fraction increases sharply at RH 60%. ZnPc in tetrahydrofuran. Error bars are propagated from errors in fitting to equivalent circuit model. The density is 1.94~2.05g/cm3. [41] Oral LD50 in mammals is estimated to be greater than 5g per kg, with no ill effects found at that level of ingestion,[17] for chronic ingestion estimated dose of low concern was 0.2mg/kg per day in rats. The geometry optimization showed that the phthalocyanine moiety is completely symmetric and form perfect square planar complex with zinc. 29, 814818 (2009). Muckley, E. S., Lynch, J., Kumar, R., Sumpter, B. The adsorption of water onto previously adsorbed H2O clusters or multilayers in the mixed H2O-CuPcTs phase at RH>60% does not further affect carrier mobility. Results from modelling of adsorption kinetics (Fig. In its elemental form, copper has a reddish-orange metallic and lustrous appearance. The geometry optimization showed that the phthalocyanine moiety is completely symmetric and form doi: 10.1149/1.2129940. CuPcTs films were deposited from solution on pre-cleaned 5MHz AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) crystals with 1cm2 active electrode area, conductive n-doped SiO2 substrates, and undoped SiO2 substrates with pre-patterned gold interdigitated electrodes (10nm thickness, 2m spacing, 100 digits per electrode). It is majorly used in a variety of energy conservation based applications. form = 1.61-1.62 Accosperse cyan blue GT Aqualine blue Bahama blue BC Bermuda blue Blue GLA Blue phthalocyanine .alpha.-form . 4a)42. Visit our privacy [42], InChI=1S/C32H16N8.Cu/c1-2-10-18-17(9-1)25-33-26(18)38-28-21-13-5-6-14-22(21)30(35-28)40-32-24-16-8-7-15-23(24)31(36-32)39-29-20-12-4-3-11-19(20)27(34-29)37-25;/h1-16H;/q-2;+2, c12=cc=cc=c1c3=nc4=c5c=cc=cc5=c(n=c6c7=cc=cc=c7c(n=c8c9=c(c(n8[Cu-2]158)=nc2=n13)c=cc=c9)=[n+]56)[n+]48, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. 1997-2023 American Elements. Dyes and pigments A LevenbergMarquardt algorithm was used for fitting oscillator parameters. (, Humidity effect on electrical properties. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Japanese Journal of Applied Physics In particular, we find that mass-based measurements achieve the highest resolution at RH<50% while optical techniques achieve the highest resolution at RH>50%. Eric S. Muckley or Ilia N. Ivanov. DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03425. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes, and 36,000 lb. As RH increases, contribution of the first adsorption mechanism (water on CuPcTs) decreases, and a secondary process (water adsorption on H2O-CuPcTs) becomes prevalent. the rising edge of the mass change becomes more rounded at higher pressures. Shaded regions represent uncertainty range. The dye derived from cobalt phthalocyanine and an amine is Phthalogen Dye IBN. 1d. perfect square planar complex with zinc. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE: ICSC: 1638 (April 2006) 29H,31H-Phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32 copper . If you do not agree to the use of cookies, you should not navigate 6, 138163 (1961). Reaction models show that H2O undergoes 2-site adsorption which can be represented by a pair of sequentially-occurring pseudo-first order reactions. Internet Explorer). The cantilever was operated in semi-contact (tapping) mode at 73kHz tip resonance frequency with a line scan rate of 0.7Hz. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (a) Wavelength-dependent extinction coefficient (k) (top panel) and index of refraction (n) (bottom panel) of CuPcTs film under different RH conditions. This result, related to the behavior of n and k, is caused by dielectric screening of CuPcTs by water. [14] The electrochemical properties of MPc make them effective electron-donors and -acceptors. Cite this article. Accessibility The PCA results support proposed adsorption kinetics models, which indicate that a secondary adsorption process occurs after H2O saturation of strongly hydrophilic sites. Error bars correspond to linear fitting errors. The results strongly suggest that adsorption/desorption of water can be described by a double active site model that includes one strongly hydrophilic site which becomes quickly saturated as RH increases (Site-1) and one site which becomes more active as Site-1 is filled (Site-2)31. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Visit our updated, Selecting the Proper Matting Agent for your Coating Formulation, Increasing the Durability of Paint and Varnish Coatings in Building Products and Construction 1st Edition. Organic Electronics The DC resistance increases linearly with mass during H2O adsorption (FigureS8). The presence of pinholes and large (10100nm diameter) interstitial spaces between grains result in high film porosity and surface area which allows for rapid H2O diffusion into the bulk film. 8600 Rockville Pike 185, 2939 (2001). 19. Changes in the slopes of n and k with RH (FigureS5a) indicate the presence of a 2-step process. All rights reserved. 199, 324329 (2014). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. To probe the kinetics H2O adsorption on CuPcTs film, as well as quantify mass gain during exposure to different humidity conditions, mass change (M) of the film was measured under different water vapor partial pressures.
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